Animism (from animus, or
anima, mind or soul), originally means the
doctrine of spiritual beings.
It is often
extended to include the belief that
personalized, supernatural beings (or souls)
endowed with reason, intelligence and volition
inhabit ordinary objects as well as animate
beings, and govern their existence (pantheism
or animatism). More simply, the belief is that
"everything is alive", "everything is
conscious" or "everything has a
soul".
It has been
further extended to mean a belief that the
world is a community of living persons, only
some of whom are human. It also refers to the
culture or philosophy which these types of
Animists live by, that is, to attempt to relate
respectfully with the persons (human, rock,
plant, animal, bird, ancestral, etc.) who are
also members of the wider community of
life
Animism is
commonly described as the most primitive form
of religion. Others do not see it as a religion
at all. They argue that Animism is in the first
instance an explanation of phenomena rather
than an attitude of mind toward the cause of
them, a philosophy rather than a religion. The
term may, however, be conveniently used to
describe a form of religion in which people
endeavour to set up relations between
themselves and the unseen powers, conceived as
spirits.